How a Philosophical Approach to Temporal Perception Can Provide a Basis for Developing Useful Strategies for Teaching Art to Students with ADHD
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper explores research in how students with Attention Deficit Hyperactive
Disorder (ADHD) experience temporality. Using a phenomenological lens, the author looks for
clues in the writings on temporality by philosopher, Martin Heidegger. Her goal is to establish a
philosophical framework for developing practical approaches to teaching art to secondary
students that address the difference in temporal perception of students with ADHD in an effort to
create a more inclusive learning environment.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright notice is CC BY SA.
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. All new works based on yours will carry the same license. Thus any derivatives will also allow commercial use. For example, if someone translates your article into French, the French version of the article will also have to be shared under a CC BY SA license.
References
Almarode,J., & Almarode, D. (2008). Energizing students: Maximizing student attention and engagement in the science classroom. The Science Teacher, 75(9), 32–35. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24144164Craig, A.D. (2009). Emotional moments across time: A possible neural basis for time perception in the anterior insula. Philosophical Transactions:Biological Sciences, 364(1525), 1933–1942. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40485969Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper PerennialModern Classics. Grondin, S. (2010). Timing and time perception: Areview of recent behavioral and neuroscience findings and theoretical directions. The Psychonomic Society,72(3), 561–582.https://doi.org/10.3758/APP.72.3.561Heidegger, M. (1992). The concept of time. (W. McNeill, Trans.). Blackwell Publishing. (Original work published 1924).Heidegger, M. (1991). Being andtime. (W. McNeill, Trans.). Blackwell Publishing. (Original work published 1927).Kempadoo, K., Mosharov, E., Choi, S. J., Sulzer, D., & Kandel, E. (2016). Dopamine release from the locus coeruleus to the dorsal hippocampus promotes spatial learning and memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(51), 14835–14840. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616515114Kumari, L., & Chhikara, S. (1995). Adaptive behaviour of children and relatedfactors. Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies, 27(1), 91–96. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43294372
Lee, H.-Y., & Yang, E.L. (2019). Exploring the effects of working memory on time perception in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Reports, 122(1), 23–35.https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118755674May, R. (1975). The courage to create. Bantam Books.McGee, R., Brodeur, D., Symons, D., Andrade, B., & Fahie, C. (2004). Time perception: Does it distinguish ADHD and RD children in a clinical sample?Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(5), 481–490. https://doi: 10.1023/b:jacp.0000037778.61929.1bPaton, J., Soares, S., & Atallah, B.V. (2016). Midbrain dopamine neurons control judgment of time. Science, 354(6317), 1273–1277.https://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6317/1273Pontifex, M. B., Fine, J. G., da Cruz, K., Parks, A. C., & Smith, A. L. (2014). The role of physical activity in reducing barriers to learning in children with developmental disorders. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 79(4), 93–118. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43773274Ptacek, R., Weissenberger, S., Braaten, E., Klicperova-Baker, M., Goets, M., Raboch, J., Vnukova, M., & Stefano, G., (2019). Clinical implications of the perception of time in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Medical Science Monitor, 25, 3918–1924. https://doi.org/10.12659%2FMSM.914225Rubia, K., Halari, R., Christakou, A., & Taylor, E. (2009). Impulsiveness as a timing disturbance: Neurocognitive abnormalities in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during temporal process and normalization with methylphenidate. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 364(1525), 1919–1931. https://doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0014Shillingford-Butler, A., & Theodore, L. (2013). Students diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Collaborative strategies for school counselors. ProfessionalSchool Counseling,16(4), 235–244. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/profschocoun.16.4.235Sisterhen McAllister, L. (2012). Strategies for optimal learning with ADHD and hyperactive students. American Music Teacher,61(4), 18-22. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43540074Sripada, C., Kessler, D., & Angstadt, M. (2014). Lag in the maturation of the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture in attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(39), 14259–14264. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43055069Streb, J. (1984). Thoughts on phenomenology, education, and art. Studies in Art Education, 25(3), 159–166. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1320697Vargas, A., Zentall, S., & Wilbur, J. (2002). Responses to art attention-training by English and bilingual Spanish-speaking students with and without ADHD. Studies in Art Education, 43(2), 158–174. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1321002Weissenberger, S., Klicperova-Baker, M., Vňuková, M., Raboch, J., & Ptáček, R. (2019). ADHD and time perception: Findings and treatments. Activitas Nervosa Superior,61,131–135.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41470-019-00027-2Weissenberger, S., Schonova, K., Büttiker, P., Fazio, R., Vňuková, M., Stefano, G.,& Ptáček, R. (2021). Time perception is a focal symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Medical Science Monitor. 27, Article e933766.https://doi:10.12659/MSM.933766
Wittmann, M. (2009). The inner experience of time. Philosophical Translations of the Royal Society.364, 1955–1967. https://doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0003Zheng, Q., Wang, X., Yu Chiu, K., & Kar-man Shum, K. (2022). Time perception deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD: A meta-analysis.Journal of Attention Disorders,26(2), 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054720978557